MATTER

                       

                          ALL ABOUT MATTER!

In Unit 1, we have learnt some things about matter. 

       

  Do you remember what Matter is and what it        is made up of?

      

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ATOMS...

Now, we know matter is made up of atoms. Let's see the first person who thought about atoms!

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It is everything around us. 

As Dr. Binocs said, it is made of atoms.

Atoms are the smallest possible units of matter. 

Atoms mean indivisible in Greek. 

Small groups of atoms combine into molecules. 

Matter is present in nature in three different states: 

            

     

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

      General properties are those that depend on the amount of matter that is present. They are common to all matter.

       Mass, volume, size and weight are the general  characteristics of matter.

- MASS is the amount of matter contained in an object. 

   We use the units kilo, grams and tonne to express the mass.

   Mass is measured with scales: 

          Digital Scales                                              Mechanical Scales

                                                   

- VOLUME is the space that one object occupies.

  We use the units: litres, millilitres and cubic centimetres (cm3) to express the    volume. 

  Volume of liquids is measured with graduated cylinders. 

 But we can also measure the volume of solids. 

                                    (Watch the video below). 

                   SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER:

DENSITY AND BUOYANCY

A substance or object has more density when its molecules are closer together. 

Density is calculated by dividing the mass by the volume. It is measured in grams per cubic  centimetre (g/cm3).

                                         

Some objects float when we put them in a liquid. Others sink. The ability to float is called buoyancy. 

When the density of an object is lower than the density of water, it floats. When the density of an object is greater than the density of water, it sinks.

       

                                                

     MASS, VOLUME AND DENSITY!

             OTHER SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER

         Matter has other specific properties that make some materials useful for certain purposes.

           CONDUCTORS OF HEAT                                         

Conductors of heat are materials that allow heat to travel through them easily. All metals are good conductors of heat.

 INSULATORS OF HEAT

Insulators of heat do not let heat travel through them. Plastics, wood and some fabrics are insulators of heat.

CONDUCTORS OF ELECTRICITY

Conductors of electricity let electricity travel through them. Metals and water are some examples.

INSULATORS OF ELECTRICITY

Insulators of electricity do not let electricity travel through them. Plastics, rubber, glass... are some examples. 

Copper wires are covered in plastic so we can handle them safely. 

EFFECTS OF FORCES ON MATTER

WHAT IS A FORCE?

A force is an action that can produce effects on matter. 

We cannot see forces ,

but we can observe their effects. 

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• FORCES CAN ALTER THE SHAPE OF AN OBJECT IN DIFFERENT WAYS:

             - Applying force with a sharp object can cut some objects.

             - If an object is fragile, it can be broken with little force.

             - Force can also deform some objects. 

               If the object is not flexible (like a can of soft drink), it will deform permanently.

               If the object is flexible (like a spring), it will go back to its original shape when the force is                 released.

• FORCES CAN ALSO PRODUCE MOVEMENT:

             - A force can make an object start moving.

             - Accelerate.

             - Change direction.

             - Slow down. 

             - Stop. 

                       

WATCH THIS VIDEO ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF FORCES ON MATTER

Mind map from http://www.learnhive.net/learn/cbse-grade-6/science/separation-of-substances


A pure substance cannot be separated into two or more substances by physical means.

Mixtures are made up of several substances. Therefore, they can be separated into different components.

TYPES OF MIXTURES

• Heterogeneous mixtures: we can easily see the different components that make up the mixture.

• Homogeneous mixtures:  we cannot see the different components that make up the mixture. 

       The most abundant substance is called solvent, and the substance that is           dissolved into the solvent is the solute.

      We can classify homogeneous mixtures in solutions and alloys. 

                 - Solutions:  homogeneous mixtures are found in a liquid state.

Example:

                  - Alloys: homogeneous mixtures in which at least one of the                              components is a metal.

                    Some examples of alloys are steel and bronze. 

                            

                              

WATCH THIS VIDEO ABOUT MIXTURES.

SEPARATING 

                                          MIXTURES.

• SEPARATING HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES:

     DECANTATION: allows us to separate mixtures in which the components of a           heterogeneous mixture have different densities. 

         For example, two liquids, or one insoluble solid and one liquid.

MAGNETISM:We can use magnets to separate mixtures in which one of the components is a metal that can be attracted by a magnet and the other isn’t.

SIEVING: Sieving is a very useful method to separate mixtures of solids in which the components have particles of different sizes.

FILTRATION:  allows us to separate mixtures in which one of the components can be caught in a filter. We can use filtration to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. Filters are usually made of a special type of paper that does not break when wet. 

YOU CAN TRY THESE SEPARATING METHODS AT HOME!       

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• SEPARATING HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES:

 EVAPORATION: By heating a mixture until one of the substances evaporates, we can separate two liquids or separate a soluble solid from a liquid. This method is used, for example, to elaborate stock cubes by boiling broth.

If we want to separate the components that make up a solution, we heat it until the liquid evaporates.
When the water reaches 100ºC, it evaporates (turns into gas) and we’re left with the salt.

CRYSTALLIZATION: It is very similar to evaporation, but in this case we do not heat up the mixture. Instead, we just leave the mixture at room temperature for a longer period of time until the liquid has evaporated.

 If we leave the same solution of water and salt in a container, water will very slowly evaporate.

 The higher the temperature of the air, the faster the water will evaporate. Once it has evaporated, we’re left with the salt.

DISTILLATION: allows us to separate liquids or solutions but with the advantage of catching the liquids again after they evaporate. Distillation is based on the fact that different liquids have different boiling points. This technique is used to make alcoholic beverages, perfumes and some fuels such as diesel and petrol. 

You're lucky! These two last videos are in Spanish!!!!!!